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Brazil blasts Amazon tributary as soy frontier advances

The Tocantins river is awash with catfish, peacock bass and other fish during the waxing of the moon.

Welton de Franca, like his father and grandfather before him, has spent most of his adult life fishing among the rocks of one of the biggest tributaries of the Amazon Basin.

Now, the Brazilian government wants to blow up these missiles.

The Brazilian government has given approval to blast through 35 km (22 miles) of rapids and turn this sleepy section of Amazon rainforest into a tropical farm belt expressway.

The opening of the Araguaia - Tocantins Riverway to barges all year round could pave the way for the exportation of soy and corn through the Amazon Basin that rivals the Mississippi River. This would reduce freight costs, and solidify Brazil's dominance in the global grain trade.

Federal prosecutors are, however, trying to stop the $7.3 billion dollar project, which includes another 110 miles of dredging. They urge courts to take into consideration impacts on riverside community.

We can't leave the house without our boats. "We live off the fish", said Franca whose family settled in a river island overlooking rocks when he turned 12.

In late September, during a legal hearing on the site, his father and neighbours told three visiting magistrates that they were worried about dangerous boat traffic replacing their fishing.

Franca's dad ferry his two grandchildren to school every day. Tauiry neighbors cross the river daily to harvest babassu cocoas.

Alberto Akama from the Emilio Goeldi Museum (funded by the government) warns that the biodiversity of the river would suffer as well if the blasting destroys the rare rapids where endangered fish gather and turtles breed, while river dolphins feed.

The Brazilian environmental agency Ibama has authorized blasting during the non-sensitive reproductive and migration seasons.

The Transport Infrastructure Agency DNIT has said that teams will try to scare away animals from rocks before blasting.

The benefits of cleaner and cheaper freight are far greater than any disadvantages, according to advocates such as Governor Helder Barbalho from Para state.

He said that the state of Para believed it was possible to reconcile economic development with environmental preservation.

The Brazilian government forecasts that the Araguaia Tocantins Riverway will be able to transport 20 million metric tonnes of corn and soya beans each year from northern river ports, reducing long, pollution-filled truck trips.

The impact of emissions is however not as simple. Delegations will discuss the issue in Belem, 500 km (300 miles) downstream, during the United Nations COP30 Climate Summit in November.

Brazil's primary source of greenhouse gas emissions is deforestation. Each year, vast tracts of Amazon rainforest and Cerrado savannah adjacent to the Amazon are cleared for farms and ranches.

The Matopiba area around the Araguaia River and Tocantins River is the fastest-growing farm frontier. This trend can only be encouraged by cheaper shipping.

Maria de Sousa is one of many women who work in Tauiry to harvest babassu palms, crack them open, and make flour and cooking oil from the coconut meat. She said that their way of living has already been threatened by farms that are encroaching on their land.

She said that neighbors have poisoned the coconut palms in the area as they expand their farms and ranches. This has forced the women to go across the river to fill bags with small coconuts.

Sousa said, "If they open up the waterway we won't have the ability to collect coconuts." "They call the babassu a plague, but to us coconut crackers it's survival."

The Matopiba grain boom is largely due to new infrastructure built in Brazil's northern rivers ports during the last decade. Thiago pera, a logistics expert, says that river barges can be 60% cheaper than road freight when it comes to medium and long distance shipping.

Researchers from the Climate Policy Initiative in Brazil, a think-tank, found that investments in less polluting transport infrastructure, such as rails and waterways, can lead to indirect emissions, by encouraging deforestation for farmland.

CPI, for example, found that a proposed grain-export railway, the Ferrograo would reduce about 1 million tonnes of direct emissions, by taking trucks off of the road, but also add 60 million tons in indirect emissions, by expanding Brazil's agricultural frontier.

The fear of displacement for the communities who are trying to stop the proposed blasting along the Tocantins river is palpable.

Ademar De Souza, a community leader, said: "We will lose space on river to barges carrying iron ore & agricultural goods." "We are not certain about the future." (Reporting and editing by Brad Haynes, Diane Craft and Adriano Machado)

(source: Reuters)