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US power grid is put to the test by arctic cold and data center demand

Electric infrastructure in the U.S. is at risk of being weakened by the demands of data centers, which are constantly on the go.

Starting Friday, a pattern of Arctic cold extreme weather is expected, bringing with it extremely low temperatures, heavy snow, and ice. This could pose significant challenges to the electric grid until next week. The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NAERC), the United States' top power regulator, made this assessment on Thursday.

In several Midwest and Great Plains States, the cold weather has already reduced gas supplies through freezing of oil and gas pipes and wells.

U.S. Natural Gas Futures have risen by 63% in the last three days, reaching a six-week peak on Thursday due to forecasts of extreme temperatures over the next two week.

According to data and analysts from LSEG, demand next week will likely approach 'last winter’s record, as homes and business crank up their heaters in order to escape a brutally cold snap.

The PJM Interconnection, the U.S.'s largest power grid, is expected to reach a record-breaking winter electricity demand next week.

The grid operator warned that "peak demand could exceed 130,000 MW next week for seven consecutive days, a winter streak PJM had never experienced."

"Depending on the temperatures, PJM may set a record winter peak load on January 27. This cold weather could last into early February. PJM has taken extra precautions to prepare.

PJM provides electricity to 67,000,000 people in 13 states, including Washington D.C. It has struggled to meet the booming demand for power from Big Tech's data centers, which are needed for the rapid growth of artificial intelligence.

Extreme weather has caught regional grids including PJM off guard in recent years.

In Texas, the worst incident occurred in early 2021. More than 200 people died when nearly half of Texas's generation capacity was lost. Millions of Texans lost power, including a family of an 11 year old boy who froze and died in his bed.

In after-action reports, the Electric?Reliability?Council of Texas (ERCOT), which is the main grid operator in the state, was criticised for failing to ensure that the system had been properly winterized.

Since then, utilities and grid operators have had to comply with stricter state and federal regulations. ERCOT plans, for instance, to complete at least 450 inspections during the winter season (December - February). ERCOT reported that 240 inspections were completed as of January 2018.

The gap between summer and winter peaks is closing, due to rapid data center expansion, according to Philip Krein, an expert in grids at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.

This means that utilities will have less time, for example, when performing maintenance, to shut down power plants.

Krein stated that this makes the grid vulnerable. The maintenance season is stretched like never before.

Both ERCOT (the utility) and PJM (the power company) said that they expect to have enough electricity generation this winter to meet the demand.

ERCOT forecasts that there is a very slight chance of a controlled, small blackout in the morning on January 31.

ERCOT CEO Pablo Vegas stated on Thursday that he is confident in the Texas grid's ability to handle cold weather. (Reporting by Tim McLaughlin, Editing by Nia William and Diane Craft).

(source: Reuters)