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China's soybean processors are facing high costs and low margins ahead of Xi’s US visit

China's private soy processors are facing a difficult fourth quarter as Brazil, the top soybean exporter, is experiencing a tightening of its inventories and because tariffs have kept U.S. cargoes out of their reach.

China's shrinking pig population is putting pressure on the world's largest oilseed processing industry. It's already facing negative margins, and a weakening demand for 'feed'. Processors hope that President Xi Jinping’s visit to Washington in this month will lead Beijing to relax a 10% tariff on U.S. agriculture goods.

U.S. trade representative Jamieson Greer stated on Thursday that the two countries will make "some announcements" on agriculture and nontariff barriers during the summit. However, he did not provide specifics.

Johnny Xiang of AgRadar Consulting in Beijing said: "As South America approaches the end of their marketing season, private crushing companies will need to access U.S. soya beans."

"That depends on either tariff reductions, or, if that fails, on Sinograin Reserve?auctions, to keep their factories operating," he said. He was referring to China’s state stockpiler.

However, the relief is still uncertain.

A crusher in China said, "We do not consider U.S. soya beans because of the tariffs." If tariffs are lowered, we will recalculate crushing margins to determine whether U.S. cargoes could be profitable.

Traders claim that China's state owned traders purchased about 11 million metric tonnes of U.S. soya beans after Xi met with U.S. President Donald Trump in May. Private crushers have avoided North American cargos due to tariffs.

The Chinese Commerce Ministry has been contacted for comment.

RISING PRICES AND NEGATIVE MARGINS

Benchmark U.S. soy futures are up nearly 12% since their June lows. This is due to adverse weather in the U.S., Chinese government purchases and expectations of El Nino weather affecting global supplies.

Brazilian soybeans were quoted for shipment in November at a premium of between $3.15 and $3.20 per bushel over the Chicago Board of Trade's November soybean contract. This included cost and freight to China. Similar U.S. Gulf cargoes, excluding tariffs, were offered between $3.20 and $3.25 per bushel.

Buyers expect that the U.S. harvest, which is expected to begin in the coming weeks, will increase supply and lower prices.

"The price of U.S. soya beans is still highly uncertain as China has not yet made large-scale purchasing inquiries," said Xiang.

The next harvest in Brazil isn't due until 2027.

Even without the 10% tariff, imports of U.S. beans for October-through-January shipment would generate negative crush margins at current prices, according to Rosa Wang, an analyst at Shanghai JC ?Intelligence Co. and three other traders and analysts.

Wang stated that "theoretical crush margins" for Brazilian and U.S. soya beans, excluding a 10% additional tariff, ranged from 150 to 230 Yuan ($22.35-$34.27) per ton for October to December shipments.

China's pig population is expected to decrease in the fourth quarter, as Beijing intensifies its efforts to reduce inventory and limit hogs weights to stabilize a market oversupplied.

Two Asia-based traders reported that importers have completed their October purchases and booked 4.8 millions?tons of goods for November. This is around 60% the projected demand. However, buying for December and early January has only just begun.

Limited BRAZILIAN Supply

Two Brazilian analysts stated that Brazil's ability to increase fourth-quarter sales of crushed stone to China is limited due to the demand from other buyers and strong domestic crushing activity.

Rafael Silveira, an analyst at Safras & Mercado, says that by the end July, farmers had sold 82% (compared to?78%) of the crop for 2025/26. This figure is now likely to be close to 85%, he adds.

He said that domestic crushers competed with the exporters and paid prices sometimes above the export parity.

Brazil's soybean exports to China were down by 2.6 million tons compared to a year ago, but shipments to all other destinations increased by a whopping?6 millions tons, according to Eduardo Vanin senior agriculture strategist with Marex, in Curitiba.

According to Chinese customs, Argentina shipped an extra 7.9 million tonnes of soybeans to China, a 92.4% increase from 2024. However, this buffer is expected shrink in 2026 if similar incentives are not implemented.

(source: Reuters)