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What is the hantavirus which killed three passengers on a cruise ship?

A hantavirus outbreak on a luxury cruise ship has killed three people and confirmed four more cases.

What is the hantavirus and how does its spread affect global?health?

What is it?

Hantaviruses can cause illness and infection in humans. The World Health Organization estimates that there are between 10,000 and 100,000 cases of human infection worldwide each year.

How is the virus spread?

Hantavirus is spread primarily by rodents. People can be infected through contact with mice or rats, their urine or droppings or even saliva.

It can also spread through contaminated surfaces.

The Andes strain, which is mainly found in Argentina and Chile (and other parts of South America), is the only variant known to spread via close, prolonged human-to-human contacts.

The WHO has said that this strain may be responsible for the infections aboard the cruise ships, but this hasn't been?confirmed.

What are the symptoms of infection?

Hantaviruses are found in many parts of the globe and cause different symptoms. Some cause no symptoms at all.

According to WHO, symptoms usually begin between one and eight weeks after exposure. They may include fever, muscle pains, and gastrointestinal problems.

Hantaviruses are known to cause haemorrhagic syndrome with renal syndrome in?European and Asian countries. This disease primarily affects blood vessels and kidneys.

In America, hantavirus can cause cardiopulmonary syndrome. This condition progresses rapidly and causes fluid to accumulate in the lungs, along with other heart problems.

The WHO reports that the death rate from hantavirus is up to 50%. This compares to the 1-15% of infections in Asia and Europe.

Can HANTAVIRUS infection be treated?

As there is no specific treatment, the current approach focuses on supportive measures, such as rest and fluids. Some patients may require breathing support, such as a respirator.

The prevention of rodents is based on measures such as keeping surfaces and areas clean.

Contact tracing during outbreaks can improve outcomes, and prevent further spread, by allowing others who may have been exposed to the virus to receive hospital care earlier.

What are the risks to the general public?

WHO states that the outbreak on cruise ships is unusual. It's being investigated by experts from several countries and the WHO, but there's a low risk for the public.

WHO's Americas branch warned in December that hantavirus infections are on the rise, especially in Bolivia and Paraguay. Brazil and Argentina, which have the most cases, are also seeing an increase in lethality.

Argentina reported 21 deaths in the last year. This is a 32% mortality rate among 66 people who contracted hantavirus respiratory syndrome. The average death rate over the previous four years was 15%.

(source: Reuters)