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The Strait of Hormuz is the world's largest oil artery

Israel launched attacks against Iran on 13 June, claiming that it was the beginning of a long-term operation to stop Tehran from developing an atomic bomb.

Iran has threatened in the past to close the Strait of Hormuz to traffic as a retaliation for Western pressure. Experts say that a closure of the Strait of Hormuz could impact on global oil prices and restrict trade.

Here are some details on the Strait.

The Strait is located between Oman, Iran and the Gulf of Oman. It connects the Gulf of Oman in the north with the Arabian Sea to the south.

The shipping lane is only 2 miles (3km) wide either way.

Why does it matter?

Around a fifth (or 450 million barrels) of all oil consumed in the world passes through this strait. According to Vortexa, between the beginning of 2022 until last month, 17.8 to 20.8 millions barrels of oil, condensate, and fuels were transported through the strait every day.

Saudi Arabia, Iran and the United Arab Emirates export the majority of their crude oil via the strait. This is primarily to Asia. Saudi Arabia and the UAE have tried to find alternative routes to bypass this strait.

The U.S. Energy Information Administration stated in June of last year that around 2.6 million bpd unused capacity could be used to bypass Hormuz.

Qatar, one of the largest LNG exporters in the world, ships almost all its LNG through this strait.

Iran has repeatedly threatened to close the Strait, but never done so.

Fifth Fleet of the United States, based out of Bahrain, has been tasked to protect commercial shipping in this area.

History of Tensions

In 1973, Arab producers, led by Saudi Arabia, imposed an oil embargo against Western supporters of Israel during its war with Egypt.

OPEC crude is now mainly purchased by Asia, not the West.

In the past two decades, the United States has more than doubled the amount of oil liquids it produces. It is now one of the largest oil exporters in the world.

In the Tanker War that lasted from 1980-1988, both sides tried to disrupt the other's exports.

A U.S. Warship shot down a Iranian airliner in July 1988. Washington claimed it was an accident, while Tehran said that the attack was deliberate.

In response to U.S. sanctions and European ones, Iran threatened in January 2012 to close the Strait. In May 2019, four vessels, including two Saudi oil tanks, were attacked near the UAE coast outside the Strait of Hormuz.

Two crew members were killed in a July 2021 attack on an Israeli-managed tanker off the coast of Oman. Israel blamed Iran, but Iran denied it.

Iran seized three vessels in 2023, one in 2024 and two in 2023, near or in the Strait of Hormuz.

Two oil tankers collided on June 17, 2025 and caught fire near the Strait of Hormuz where electronic interference was a major issue during the conflict between Iran & Israel. However, there were no reported injuries or spillages.

(source: Reuters)