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What is Druzhba and why have EU sanctions against Russia been delayed?

The blocking of new EU sanctions against Russia, and funding for Ukraine, due to the stoppage in the last Russian oil flow into Europe via the Soviet-era Druzhba Pipeline, has caused a geopolitical conflict.

What you should know

What is DRUZHBA and what does it mean?

Druzhba is an oil pipeline that transports crude oil via Ukraine from Russia to Eastern Europe.

The Soviet-era connection was one of the'most important Russian oil arteries', transporting crude from West Siberia into Europe, including Belarus, Germany and other industrial countries such as Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Ukraine, Hungary, Germany.

According to Transneft, the Russian oil pipeline monopoly, Druzhba was able to pump over 1 million barrels of oil per day at its peak. This is over 1% global oil supply. After Moscow's invasion of Ukraine, most EU countries stopped importing Russian oil. By the beginning of 2018, Druzhba had been supplying around 200,000 barrels per day to Hungary and Slovakia.

Hungary and Slovakia's leaders are the only ones in the EU who maintain close ties to Russia. They claim that buying oil from other countries is more expensive, and could 'endanger energy security.

On February 12, the Ukrainian government announced that oil flows had been suspended since January 27, for more than two weeks. In the past, oil flows via Druzhba were disrupted and reported to the countries concerned within hours.

Ukraine accused Russia of damaging pipelines with drones. Russia, Hungary, and Slovakia have all accused Kyiv, along with Russia, of delaying repairs out of political motives.

WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF THE DAMAGE? Ukraine hasn't publicly revealed the extent of damage or a date when it plans to resume Druzhba deliveries. Kyiv claims that repairs are underway, but Russian shelling poses a security risk to these efforts.

In a note sent by Ukraine to a meeting of EU government officials on oil supply on February 25, the document stated that Russian attacks on January 27, had damaged an oil-pumping station near Brody, as well as "technological equipment and auxiliary gear" of the Druzhba Pipeline.

It was unable to access the sites and verify independently the extent of the damage.

Why is the pipeline linked to EU sanctions?

Hungary has retaliated by blocking a new EU loan to Kyiv and vetoing any new EU sanctions against Russia. This is a reaction to the stoppage in flows, which has strained the pro-Ukrainian consensus of Europe on the eve the fourth anniversary. Hungarian Prime Minster Viktor Orban, who's party trails behind the opposition in polls before an April 12th election, accused Ukraine on Wednesday of an "oil blocade".

Orban said that his opponents were going to drag Hungary into a conflict in Ukraine.

Slovakia has stopped providing emergency electricity to Ukraine due to the Druzhba conflict. Kyiv is dependent on EU countries for emergency electricity because its power infrastructure has been severely damaged by Russian drone and missile strikes.

What's next?

After Monday's ministerial talks failed, the EU has yet to reveal how it intends to resolve the impasse over its new?Russian sanctions.

Croatia has offered to ship in non-Russian oil via its Adria Pipeline, replacing the oil that comes from Druzhba.

Pipeline operator Janaf claims that Adria can deliver up to 280,000 bpd to Hungary and Slovakia. This is more than enough oil to replace the Russian 200,000 bpd.

MOL, the Hungarian company, has said that Adria cannot supply those volumes. Maintaining?supplies through Druzhba for its operations is vital. MOL and Janaf announced on Wednesday that they would begin testing to confirm Adria’s capacity with international observers present.

MOUNT RUSSIAN PROBLEMS OF EXPORT

The stoppage of Druzhba supplies has not caused an immediate shortage of oil in Hungary or Slovakia. Both countries have ordered a release of emergency stocks.

According to traders and analysts, the cut in Druzhba flow has added to Russian oil export problems and production. Due to U.S. sanctions, Russian oil exports to India and Turkey will drop in March or April. This will leave China as the primary buyer.

Analysts say that drone attacks by the Ukrainian government have damaged several Russian refineries, which has reduced their ability to process crude oil. This, combined with problems exporting, may lead to a reduction in production.

The market's jitters about supply disruptions in Russia and U.S.-Iran tensions has pushed benchmark crude oil above $70 a barrel. This is well above analyst predictions of $60 a barrel for this year. (Reporting from Kate Abnett and Dmitry Zhdannikov, with additional reporting by Ivana Skularac, Andrew Gray, and Barbara Lewis).

(source: Reuters)