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Maguire: Top coal importers have slowed purchases in 2025.

Data from Kpler, a ship tracking company, shows that the world's biggest thermal coal buyers have slowed down their imports in the first quarter 2025. This has led to the lowest quarterly purchase total for three years.

The first quarter global coal imports were slightly over 240 millions metric tons. This is roughly 10 million tonnes less than the quarter before.

China, India and South Korea, the top four coal importers by 2024, all reduced their first-quarter purchases from 2024 to 2024. Clean power production allowed utilities in these countries to reduce coal consumption.

The continued growth of clean power production may allow further reductions to coal imports on the major coal markets in the months ahead and could trigger the first collective contractions in thermal imports for the past two decades.

But several smaller, fast-growing economies increased coal purchases this year. This has helped to offset the declines in the larger markets, and prevent the total imports of coal from falling further.

KEY CUTS

Imports from the top four coal-importing countries, which represented 69% of total coal imports for 2024, were cut by 2025.

China, which is the largest coal importer in the world, has led the reductions of first-quarter purchases, reducing them from 85 million tons to 67 millions tons.

This was China's lowest import total since the third quarter 2022. China's appetite for coal has been curtailed by a combination of a sluggish industrial sector and record coal production in China last year.

India's import total for the first quarter was just over 39 million tons. This is a drop of 5.6 million tonnes from the same period last year.

The Indian authorities prioritized increasing domestic coal production above imports. As a result, India's average monthly import rate has fallen from 45 million tons in late 2023 down to 37 million tons in mid-2024.

South Korea recorded the second-largest reduction in first-quarter imports. The total was 15,3 million tons, compared with 18,6 million tons by 2024. The record nuclear power output in South Korea has prompted utilities to reduce coal and gas-fired production.

The first-quarter imports of Japan were just under 25 million tonnes, a drop from 27,8 million tons in the first quarter 2024. This is the lowest reading for the first-quarter since 2018.

The four largest coal importers collectively reduced their imports of nearly 30 million tonnes in the first quarter 2025 compared to the same period in 2024.

GROWTH MARKETS

While some countries have reduced their coal purchases this year, others have increased them.

In fact, the total imports from outside China, India and Japan, as well as South Korea, accounted for the highest share of the total coal imports over the past three years, during the first quarter 2025.

In 2025, Turkey, Vietnam, and Bangladesh will all have recorded first-quarter export totals, while Malaysia and the Philippines both had their second highest first-quarter figures.

Thailand, Pakistan and Hong Kong - the major seaborne entry points into continental Europe – also registered robust first-quarter export totals.

Volume increases in these markets are not as significant as the drop of nearly 18 million tons recorded by China this year.

The nearly 2 million tons of imports from Turkey, the 1.5 millions in the Netherlands and the approximately 1 million in Bangladesh, Hong Kong, and Vietnam could add up to a significant amount if they are sustained throughout the year.

The trade-matching Kpler system has not yet matched the roughly 43 million tonnes of coal cargoes that were shipped in March.

Once cleared, these volumes will likely increase the delivery volume into all major coal-importing nations in the second quarter 2025 and support coal trade even during what has traditionally been a low point for global use of coal.

The steep drops in coal imports into China and India, in particular, bode well for those who track climate change. They are looking for long-term signs of a global decline in coal imports.

Even if the import volume continues to rise in Turkey and Vietnam, the combined coal imports from the four biggest importers will cause a global contraction in coal shipments at the end of the year.

These are the opinions of a market analyst at.

(source: Reuters)