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Sources say that Japan is worried about the target for the rollout of fighters and has considered stopgap measures.

Two sources claim that Japan is growing increasingly doubtful about the project's 2035 target for its next-generation aircraft with Britain and Italy. This could force Tokyo to fill air defence gaps by purchasing new F-35 stealth jets from the United States or upgrading aging jets.

According to a source, the joint Global Combat Air Programme established in 2022 has fallen behind schedule because Britain and Italy have not been as urgent. This could delay deployment until 2040.

The two sources who were aware of Japan's discussions on air defence did not have the authority to speak with media and refused to identify themselves.

If the GCAP project is delayed, Japan must begin planning as soon as possible to ensure that it has enough planes to combat Chinese and Russian aircraft which regularly probe its air defenses. Senior officials are reportedly discussing the possibility to buy more F-35s. However, I was unable to determine if a specific timeline or number of F-35s were being considered.

Shigeru Shiba, the Japanese prime minister, could use a quick decision to buy more Lockheed Martin F-35s for around $100 million per aircraft as a bargaining tool in trade talks with U.S. president Donald Trump.

Ryosei Acazawa, Japan's chief negotiator for trade with the United States, will meet officials from Washington on Friday to begin a new round of tariff negotiations. Ishiba will also meet Trump in person for the second time in June, at the Group of Seven Leaders' meeting in Canada.

Akazawa, who was leaving for Washington on Thursday, told reporters that the purchase of Japanese defence equipment could be taken into consideration in trade negotiations.

Shinzo Abe, the then Japanese Prime Minister, ordered 105 F-35s in 2019, a decision that was praised by Trump at the time. This made Japan the largest foreign buyer of the aircraft, with a total 147 F-35s on order.

The Asahi reported that Trump encouraged Ishiba to consider U.S. aircraft during a May 23 phone call.

GCAP is a joint effort between Japan and two European partners. The goal of GCAP was to create a fighter for the next generation that would not be subjected to the restrictions on operation often associated with buying military equipment made in America. For example, many buyers are not allowed to upgrade or maintain their equipment without U.S. approval.

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, BAE Systems and Leonardo are leading the project.

GCAP will be used to replace Eurofighter Typhoons in Britain and Italy that will continue to operate until 2040. In Japan, the GCAP is intended to replace F-2, an American F-16 variant that was developed by Lockheed Martin and Mitsubishi Heavy three decades ago.

One source said that Japan's concern about a possible GCAP 2035 delay stems from the time it takes to align the concepts of each country on how the aircraft will work.

The spokesperson for the Japanese Defence Ministry's Acquisition Agency said that the 2035 target rollout was unchanged and that the F-2 decommissioning is scheduled to begin in that year. He added: "I'm not aware of any plans for placing additional orders for F-35."

The British Ministry of Defence spokeswoman said that the three countries are focused on the project, and "making strong progress."

The Italian Ministry of Defence did not respond to a comment request.

Saudi Arabia could be an additional GCAP partner, bringing funding and a lucrative marketplace for the aircraft.

The 147 F-35s ordered by Japan have so far been delivered in 43 F-35As. Six F-35Bs - a short-take-off and vertical-landing variant - have been delayed. This has made the issue of more F-35 purchases contentious.

Upgrades could be used to prolong the life span of Japan's older F-2 aircraft.

We have paid for many things, but they still haven't come. "It's not fair to tell us to purchase more items when our previous orders aren't being fulfilled," said a senior member of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, who spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitive nature of the matter.

(source: Reuters)