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Sources say that the US is still struggling to derisk Congo's "war zone minerals" even after the pact.

Diplomats and industry officials say that the U.S. is making progress in its effort to wrest Congo's strategic mineral resources from China. However, conflict, contested licenses, and compliance requirements are slowing Washington down.

The U.S. is relying on the Democratic Republic of Congo to reduce the West's dependence on China for rare minerals.

Kinshasa handed Washington, last month, a list of 44 projects spanning copper and cobalt to lithium, tin and gold.

The U.S. State Department stated that the U.S.-Congo Partnership is intended to unlock investment and support implementation of an agreement Washington mediated between Congo and Rwanda. Kinshasa accused Rwanda of supporting M23 fighters who are fighting Congolese forces in its eastern part.

Sources, including Congolese mining and government officials, say that several of the assets shortlisted are located in politically volatile zones or have permit disputes, which makes it unlikely for mining deals to be made quickly. The sources asked to remain anonymous because the discussions were sensitive.

Source: CONGO slowing down deals

A U.S. diplomat claimed that Kinshasa deliberately slows down new deals in order to get Washington to put more pressure on M23. Could not independently verify this claim.

The Congolese Government did not respond immediately to requests for comments. A senior government official called the allegations "speculation" in background.

The official explained that "the agreement has its own pace: a time for receiving offers and a time for negotiations." Rwanda, which denies supporting M23, didn't immediately respond to comments.

The U.S. State Department said that the U.S. is "deeply worried" about the violence in eastern Congo, and it is pushing regional partners for a stronger ceasefire and urging Rwandans to stop supporting M23 and withdraw according to December's peace agreement.

The Department of State said Washington hopes for rapid progress on important deals. These include a proposal by Glencore to sell its copper and cobalt assets to the U.S. backed Orion consortium; Virtus Minerals bid for Congo's Chemaf and the extension to the Lobito Corridor rail line.

Joshua Walker, NYU's Congo Research Group, says that the inclusion of Kinshasa on the shortlist for the Rubaya Mine, which provides about 15% of the global?coltan, and is under M23/AFC's control, shows Congo's desire for stronger U.S. action on M23.

He said that investment is unlikely as long as the group controls territory.

Some mines have already seen the influence of the U.S. on security. Alphamin Resources restarted the Bisie tin mining operation only after U.S. diplomats helped to ease fighting around the mine. However, it warns of renewed clashes which could threaten operations and access.

PERMITTING GRIDLOCKS

Michael Bahati is the chief analyst of Ascendance Strategies. He said that Congo's gridlock in permitting was a structural barrier to new U.S. investments.

KoBold, backed by the United States, is currently trying settle a dispute between Australia's AVZ and China's Zijin, which is also in this area, is preparing shipments for June.

Political disputes and a history of permitting are deterring Western lenders from lending on high-grade copper and cobalt assets. The sale of Chemaf to U.S. backed Virtus is slowing down after owners indicated that the $30 million offer does not cover heavy debts.

Virtus said it would take on Chemaf’s “substantial debt,” bringing the “true purchase value” to around $750 million.

Kinshasa says that even for "easy wins", such as tailings reprocessing or cobalt refineries, success depends on the governance reforms, and only Washington can deliver.

Geraud Christian Neema is an analyst who studies the geopolitics and natural resources of Africa.

Washington continues to focus on assets that are "ready-to produce". He said that a longer-term shift will require U.S. businesses to be willing to take on Congo-level risks and wait for years to see returns.

WESTERN PACE VS. CHINESE PROCEDURE

Officials in the Congo admit that they would like American players to be more aggressive, but they say they can't circumvent their compliance obligations.

Chinese firms are not bound to the same obligations as U.S. or other Western companies. These include requirements such as proving that title chains are clean and demonstrating community impact risks.

At Manono the Zijin head start in building roads, power, and port links has already shaped the project. KoBold Congo's Congo Head said that the company would look to share this infrastructure once its ownership disputes have been resolved. This pace reflects the compliance burden that U.S.-backed companies face.

It is evident that the Congo's mining industry has a different dynamic. Chinese companies can handle uncertainty better than Western companies, which allows them to move forward with projects faster while U.S. firms are stuck in due diligence loops.

NYU's Walker stated that Kinshasa is currently succeeding in bringing Washington further into its orbit of critical minerals, as it believes the attention given by the U.S. will result in security and political benefits.

It is still unclear how the engagement will end up looking.

The Chinese have already seized over 70% of Congo’s rare minerals, including copper and cobalt. Washington has yet to show any signs that it can loosen Beijing’s grip. Maxwell Akalaare Adombila, reporting and writing from Dakar and Veronica Brown and Jan Harvey.

(source: Reuters)