Latest News

The extent of illegal gold mining in Amazonia is revealed by smuggled mercury

The massive seizure of mercury by Peru shows the widespread use of toxic metal

Mercury used in gold mines destroys Amazon rainforest

Gold prices soar in Amazon, fuelling illegal mining

By Dan Collyns

According to a report from the Environmental Investigations Agency, SUNAT (Peru's Customs Agency) found illegal mercury in Lima’s Callao port district, four metric tons.

"This SUNAT action has prevented this chemical having a severe impact on the health of people and the environment as can be seen by several areas of the nation devastated by illegal mercury use and illicit activities," SUNAT stated in a press release.

According to EIA and SUNAT, the vast transnational smuggling network trafficked 200 tonnes of elemental Mercury over a period of six years. This amount would have contributed to at least $8 billion in illegal gold production.

Alexander von Bismarck is the Executive Director of EIA US. He said, "For too many years the toxic flow to illegal gold mines on the Amazon was presented and accepted as inevitable."

He said: "It's time to challenge the status quo, which affects Amazonian community and benefits organized crime."

Between April 2019 and 2025, the scheme covered at least four countries: Mexico, which is the country of origin; Peru, where three-quarters the mercury will be sent, Colombia, and Bolivia.

All four countries are signatories to the Minamata Convention on Mercury, which aims to protect human health through reducing and eventually eliminating mercury usage. The undeclared shipments violated the convention.

Gold prices are at record highs, which has encouraged an illegal mining industry to flourish. This trade is damaging local biodiversity and nature and raising serious health concerns.

Mercury, used in illegal gold mines in Amazon to extract gold, is now worth four times more than gold.

According to the World Health Organization, mercury is a neurotoxin that poses a serious threat to public health.

Amazonian communities suffer from a variety of serious health issues, including cognitive impairment, developmental delays, and other serious health problems.

"To extract gold rivers and streams polluted and territories plundered," said Julio Cusurichi a leader Indigenous and Goldman Environmental Prize-winner in Madre de Dios, the Peruvian Amazon area most severely affected by illegal gold mining.

Mercury pollution affects even fish, which are a staple food for our Indigenous communities. "Now the contamination is reaching everyone who lives in the Madre de Dios area, whether we are Indigenous or not," said he.

The WHO safety standards for mercury air pollution are more than 5.5-times higher in some parts of Madre de Dios.

According to EIA and Peruvian officials, the investigation revealed a network of organized crime groups that allegedly revolved around a mercury dealer identified as Juan Jose Zamorano Davila. He is based in Queretaro, Mexico.

According to the EIA, Zamorano was allegedly in charge of procurement, concealment and export logistics, as well as financial structuring.

"MERCURY FEVER"

The route starts in Queretaro where a few mercury mines are active, located in the Sierra Gorda UNESCO Biosphere reserve, which is considered a unique eco-system of cultural importance. They produce dozens and tonnes of mercury every year to supply the gold mining industry in the Amazon.

EIA collected evidence that some mines were controlled by Jalisco New Generation Cartel (one of Mexico's most powerful illegal drug networks).

Sources from the Queretaro mining area told investigators in May that mercury fever has hit the region due to record prices offered by mercury traders of $330 per kilogram as a result of the skyrocketing price of gold.

Mercury was allegedly smuggled from Mexico's port of Manzanillo to South America, where it was transported through ports and companies allegedly linked to organized crime, and then resold illegal gold-mining zones, such as territories controlled by armed criminal organizations like the Clan de Golfo in Colombia and the ELN.

Mercury found in Callao port was concealed in bags of gravel, and falsely declared to be crushed stone or decorative stones in order to avoid customs.

The invoices were inflated and classified incorrectly to hide the contents. Each 20-tonne shipping container was valued at $11,000, which is about 20 times more than the price of gravel. However, it contained mercury worth up to $2,000,000.

The container found in Peru contained mercury vapor at levels that were 480 times higher than the safety threshold.

The shipment, marked for Bolivia, went through the port in Callao, and the investigation revealed that it was diverted via Arequipa in southern Peru, a major distribution center for destinations like Madre de Dios.

Similar shipments to Colombia and Bolivia were often traced via the U.S. Port of Houston, Texas. This created a possible jurisdiction issue for the United States.

(source: Reuters)